JOIN and comma precedence

April 3, 2009 · Posted in MySQL · 6 Comments 

Here’s a little something that might trip you up occasionally. Have a look at this test scenario:

USE test;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS a;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS b;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS c;
 
CREATE TABLE a ( a INT );
CREATE TABLE b ( b INT );
CREATE TABLE c ( c INT );
 
SELECT a.a FROM a LEFT JOIN c ON c.c = a.a; -- Q1
SELECT a.a FROM a, b LEFT JOIN c ON c.c = a.a; -- Q2

Q1 and Q2 will produce the same result, right? Wrong! As of MySQL 5.0.12, per the SQL standard, JOIN has had higher precedence than comma ‘,’.

So, you get the following:

mysql> SELECT a.a FROM a LEFT JOIN c ON c.c = a.a;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> SELECT a.a FROM a, b LEFT JOIN c ON c.c = a.a;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'a.a' in 'on clause'

This is because, in earlier versions, MySQL interpreted it as ( ( a, b ) LEFT JOIN c ). Now, it interprets this syntax as ( a, ( b LEFT JOIN c ) ). If you run into this problem, the fix is easy. You simply need to add brackets around the table list:

mysql> SELECT a.a FROM (a, b) LEFT JOIN c ON c.c = a.a;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

You can read more about this in the MySQL Documentation, from the section starting with “Previously, the comma”.

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  • Gary Pendergast, noun: Gamer, developer, MySQL, WordPress, web and music geek. Currently taking a leave of absence from life as a MySQL Support Engineer for Oracle to tour around Europe. Can be observed in his natural habit at pento.net, or usually in Bologna, Italy.

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